Hi all!
The AlloyDB documentation mentions the following:
AlloyDB refreshes the data within a columnar unit—a set of data blocks within a columnar table—when all of these conditions are met:
The columnar unit's table has exceeded the scan-threshold defined by the separate refresh_threshold_scan_count flag.
The percentage of the columnar unit's underlying data blocks that have become invalid exceeds the value of the refresh_threshold_percentage flag. Columnar data blocks become invalid due to changes in the row-based data that the columnar table draws upon.