When integrating Spanner with Spring, encountering the error org.hibernate.TransactionException: Unable to commit against JDBC Connection is often due to Spanner's unique transactional model and its incompatibility with Hibernate ORM. Hibernate is not designed for Spanner, as Spanner lacks traditional relational database features like locking mechanisms and transaction isolation levels. Instead, developers should use either Spring Data Spanner or the Spanner JDBC driver, both of which are compatible with Spanner's optimistic concurrency control and transactional behavior.
Recommended Approaches for Spanner Integration
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Spring Data Spanner:
This is the preferred option for most users. By using spring-cloud-gcp-starter-data-spanner, developers can leverage Spring Data repositories and SpannerTransactionManager for seamless integration and transaction handling.
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Spanner JDBC Driver:
For those comfortable with direct JDBC operations, the google-cloud-spanner-jdbc dependency can be used with a manually configured DataSource and proper transaction management.
To avoid the error, explicitly configure a SpannerTransactionManager in your Spring application. Using Spring's default DataSourceTransactionManager is not suitable for Spanner. Additionally, handle retry logic for ABORTED errors, which arise from Spanner's optimistic concurrency control. Implementing retries ensures transaction success in cases of conflicting writes.
When consuming messages from RabbitMQ, ensure proper coordination between message acknowledgment (ACK) and Spanner transaction commits. Use manual acknowledgment mode to ACK messages only after the Spanner transaction commits successfully. Additionally, design idempotent Spanner operations by leveraging unique transaction IDs to handle potential message redelivery. Configuring a dead-letter queue (DLQ) can further enhance reliability by isolating problematic messages after repeated failures.
Enable detailed logging for both Spring transaction management and Spanner to diagnose the issue. Inspect Spanner logs for ABORTED errors, long-running transactions, or contention. Simplify testing by isolating Spanner interactions without RabbitMQ. Avoid Hibernate ORM entirely, rely on retry mechanisms for concurrency issues, and monitor Spanner's behavior to optimize performance.
By using the correct integration approach, explicitly configuring transaction management, and implementing retry logic, you can resolve the error and build a robust, maintainable solution. Proper coordination between RabbitMQ and Spanner, along with idempotency and monitoring, ensures reliability in message-driven applications. Avoid using Hibernate ORM with Spanner, and instead embrace tools like Spring Data Spanner or the Spanner JDBC driver for seamless integration.
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