As @API-Evangelist mentions, this corresponds to the nginx proxy connect timeout, which is how long nginx will wait to establish a new connection with the upstream proxied service, in this case, the Apigee message processor. As you note, the default is 5 seconds.
Only private cloud customers can adjust this, and it can be done by editing (create if it does not exist) file:
/opt/apigee/customer/application/router.properties
And adding attribute:
conf_load_balancing_load.balancing.driver.connect.timeout=3s
Which as an example would set this timeout value to be 3 seconds.
To take effect, restart the router:
/opt/apigee/apigee-service/bin/apigee-service edge-router restart
It is highly recommended to test this setting thoroughly in a lower-level/non-prod environment before adjusting in a production system.
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